{"id":1340,"date":"2022-12-31T13:14:40","date_gmt":"2022-12-31T13:14:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.handmadesound.com\/lira-storia-come-e-fatta-e-come-si-suona\/"},"modified":"2024-12-23T09:01:41","modified_gmt":"2024-12-23T09:01:41","slug":"lyre-history-how-it-is-made-how-to-play-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.handmadesound.com\/en\/lyre-history-how-it-is-made-how-to-play-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Lyre: History, How It Is Made, and How to Play It"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The <strong>Lyre (lyra)<\/strong> is a musical instrument that belongs to the <strong>chordophone category<\/strong> and is specifically part of the <strong>bowed lute family<\/strong>. This definition indicates that the instrument falls under one of the lute subcategories, and in the <strong>Hornbostel-Sachs classification<\/strong>, it is designated with the code <strong>321.2<\/strong>. This number signifies the presence of <strong>one or more strings<\/strong> on the structure of the device.<br>Bowed lutes are played by <strong>plucking<\/strong> the strings or (less commonly) using a <strong>bow<\/strong>. Originally, musicians used a <strong>plectrum<\/strong>, but today it is rarely employed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The lyre consists of a <strong>resonating body<\/strong> connected to <strong>two vertical arms<\/strong> (called horns) joined by a <strong>transverse bar<\/strong>. Between the bar and the body, the <strong>strings<\/strong> are stretched. These strings can vary in number (three, five, eight, or twelve) and are tied along the bar.<br>The primary material for constructing this instrument is <strong>wood<\/strong>, although some examples are made of <strong>ivory<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3G5sfY3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">BUY A LYRE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<br>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.handmadesound.com\/en\/lyre-history-how-it-is-made-how-to-play-it\/#Types_of_Lyres\" >Types of Lyres<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.handmadesound.com\/en\/lyre-history-how-it-is-made-how-to-play-it\/#The_History_of_the_Lyre\" >The History of the Lyre<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.handmadesound.com\/en\/lyre-history-how-it-is-made-how-to-play-it\/#The_Lyre_in_Mythology\" >The Lyre in Mythology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.handmadesound.com\/en\/lyre-history-how-it-is-made-how-to-play-it\/#How_to_Play_the_Lyre\" >How to Play the Lyre<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.handmadesound.com\/en\/lyre-history-how-it-is-made-how-to-play-it\/#Further_Resources\" >Further Resources<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Lyres\"><\/span>Types of Lyres<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are various types of lyres, as outlined below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Lyre da braccio<\/strong>: This Renaissance-era instrument resembles a viola with a resonating body and neck. It is played using a bow and has a high number of strings;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lyre da gamba<\/strong>: Also called <strong>lirone<\/strong> (or perfect lirone), it is primarily used as accompaniment for voices;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Organized lyre<\/strong> (or <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.handmadesound.com\/en\/hurdy-gurdy-history-and-characteristics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">hurdy-gurdy<\/a><\/strong>): Played during the Baroque period, it was always accompanied by a small organ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Galduka<\/strong>: Originating from <strong>Bulgaria<\/strong>, it is related to the Calabrian lyre and is mainly appreciated in dance music;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Calabrian lyre<\/strong>: A traditional instrument of the Locride and Monte Poro regions in Calabria. It is typically accompanied by a tambourine or whistles;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kissar<\/strong>: Originating from North Africa, it has a unique structure. It features five strings and a central circular body made of tortoise shell or wood.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_History_of_the_Lyre\"><\/span>The History of the Lyre<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are many <strong>conflicting theories<\/strong> about who actually invented the lyre, but they all agree that the instrument is a <strong>timeless<\/strong> creation. This means the lyre originated long ago and has survived to this day with minimal changes to its structure and function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most widespread theory about the origin of the lyre is that <strong>Hermes<\/strong> created it, and it later reached <strong>Greece<\/strong> in the pre-classical era, becoming a significant cultural symbol. Possible locations for its invention include <strong>Southern Europe<\/strong>, <strong>North Africa<\/strong>, and <strong>Western Asia<\/strong>.<br>The original structure included a <strong>central body<\/strong> made from a <strong>tortoise shell<\/strong>, with two <strong>animal horns<\/strong> (usually goat or ram) attached to it to hold the strings. Early lyres were played with a <strong>plectrum<\/strong> due to the hardness of the strings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Much later, in the <strong>Middle Ages<\/strong>, the two horns were made using <strong>bordone<\/strong>, a large, curved wooden stick carved from <strong>fidel<\/strong> wood.<br>As for the number of strings, history tells us that the first lyre had <strong>three<\/strong> or <strong>four<\/strong> <strong>strings<\/strong>, which increased over time depending on local traditions. By the <strong>first half of the 5th century<\/strong>, the strings numbered <strong>eight<\/strong>, then <strong>nine<\/strong> (fun fact: the seven-stringed lyre became a Roman religious symbol and was used in Catholic rites). In the <strong>second half of the century<\/strong>, the number rose to <strong>eleven<\/strong> thanks to <strong>Phrynis of Mytilene<\/strong>. Later, <strong>Timotheus<\/strong> added the <strong>twelfth<\/strong> and final string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The history of this musical instrument is uncertain due to its basis in <strong>mythology<\/strong>. However, it is certain that its use was widespread during the <strong>Middle Ages<\/strong> and remained significant through the <strong>17th century<\/strong> until it was replaced by the <strong>viola<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>modern lyre<\/strong> is much better documented: it was created in <strong>1920<\/strong> by <strong>Edmund Pracht<\/strong> and <strong>Lothar Gartner<\/strong> under the guidance of <strong>Rudolf Steiner<\/strong>. Initially used in therapeutic education, it was later adopted in orchestras as a concert instrument.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Lyre_in_Mythology\"><\/span>The Lyre in Mythology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This instrument is surrounded by numerous <strong>myths<\/strong>, but a few are particularly well-known among enthusiasts.<br>The most famous myth concerns the <strong>creation<\/strong> of the lyre by <strong>Hermes<\/strong>, the messenger of the Greek gods. According to the legend, Hermes found and killed a <strong>turtle<\/strong> in a cave, using its shell to create a lyre with seven strings made from sheep gut. He then gave the lyre to <strong>Apollo<\/strong> to repay a debt, and Apollo later gifted it to his son <strong>Orpheus<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most <strong>famous lyre<\/strong> in mythology is Orpheus&#8217;s. It symbolizes <strong>Apollonian virtues<\/strong> and contrasts with <strong>Dionysus&#8217;s flute<\/strong>. In Greek culture, the lyre represented perfection, classical beauty, moderation, and balance, while the flute symbolized celebration and ecstasy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"The Lyre of Classical Greece! #ancientmusic #lyre #lyra #ancientworld #ancienthistory #music\" width=\"1160\" height=\"653\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/IKIF4kP0fWs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Lyre &#8211; Ancient greek musical instrument &#8211; video by SEIKILO Ancient World Music<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_to_Play_the_Lyre\"><\/span>How to Play the Lyre<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Before learning to play this beautiful instrument, here&#8217;s a tip: when purchasing a lyre, consider your <strong>dexterity<\/strong> and the <strong>type of music<\/strong> you wish to produce. For instance, a Calabrian lyre has <strong>nylon strings<\/strong> that maintain tuning better.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tuning<\/strong> this instrument is quite simple, even for beginners: measure the <strong>length<\/strong> of the lyre (from the pegs to the bridge) or use a <strong>tuning fork<\/strong> to decide the tuning. The intervals that must be respected are <strong>II, V, and I<\/strong>. Strings are usually tuned in fourths, such as <strong>A, D, G, and C<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The lyre is played while sitting, resting the instrument between the <strong>knees<\/strong> or on a <strong>leg<\/strong> (usually the left). One hand holds the neck or a horn, while the other <strong>plucks<\/strong> the <strong>strings<\/strong> (or uses a <strong>bow<\/strong> if required by the type of lyre). To produce a good melody, the <strong>finger movements<\/strong> must be <strong>fluid<\/strong> and not rigid. Typically, musicians aim for a <strong>high-pitched<\/strong> sound by plucking the <strong>first string<\/strong> while brushing the <strong>second string<\/strong>, which serves as a <strong>drone<\/strong>.<br>Since the lyre lacks frets, mastering it requires <strong>memorizing finger placements<\/strong> to produce the various notes. The notes C, D, E, F, G, A, B are systematically repeated across the strings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3G5sfY3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">FIND A LYRE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<br>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Further_Resources\"><\/span>Further Resources<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>How<\/strong> to <strong>play<\/strong> the <strong>lyre<\/strong>:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/lyreacademy.com\/down-to-the-basics-lyre-101\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lyre Academy<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Details on the lyre, how to <strong>build<\/strong> it:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/ancientlyre.com\/blogs\/blogs1-f324d18b-4152-49e5-aa3c-6539ac974916\/posts\/6041759\/how-to-build-your-own-lyre\">Ancientlyre.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Lyre (lyra) is a musical instrument that belongs to the chordophone category and is specifically part of the bowed lute family. This definition indicates that the instrument falls under one of the lute subcategories, and in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification, it is designated with the code 321.2. This number signifies the presence of one or&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1128,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1340","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-string-instruments"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lyre: History, How It Is Made, and How to Play It - Handmade Sound<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the history, origins, and characteristics of the lyre. 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