{"id":1319,"date":"2022-12-08T20:11:20","date_gmt":"2022-12-08T20:11:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.handmadesound.com\/strumenti-musicali-russi\/"},"modified":"2024-12-05T11:46:17","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T11:46:17","slug":"russian-musical-instruments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.handmadesound.com\/en\/russian-musical-instruments\/","title":{"rendered":"Russian Musical Instruments"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>From ancient times, <strong>Russian musical instruments<\/strong> have expressed cultural traditions in the form of folk tales or dances that mark everyday life. These instruments are often made from common objects, <strong>primarily wooden materials<\/strong>. For example, wooden spoons (<em>lozhki<\/em>) are still used in folk bands. Let us now delve into the traditional Russian musical instruments, exploring their history, composition, and use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.handmadesound.com\/en\/russian-musical-instruments\/#In_the_History_and_Vastness_of_Russian_Territory\" >In the History and Vastness of Russian Territory<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.handmadesound.com\/en\/russian-musical-instruments\/#String_Instruments\" >String Instruments<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.handmadesound.com\/en\/russian-musical-instruments\/#Percussion_Instruments\" >Percussion Instruments<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.handmadesound.com\/en\/russian-musical-instruments\/#Wind_Instruments\" >Wind Instruments<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.handmadesound.com\/en\/russian-musical-instruments\/#Aerophones_From_the_Garmon_to_the_Bajan\" >Aerophones: From the Garm\u00f3n to the Baj\u00e0n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_the_History_and_Vastness_of_Russian_Territory\"><\/span>In the History and Vastness of Russian Territory<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The vastness of Russian territory has fostered extensive cultural diversity, thanks to the presence of different ethnic groups, each with its own musical heritage. Russian music also incorporates significant contributions from ethnic minorities that, over the centuries, populated the former Russian Empire, the USSR, and today\u2019s Russian Federation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Russian musical tradition<\/strong> has followed a long path, during which traditional songs were introduced by the <strong>Orthodox Church<\/strong>. Historical sources confirm that during the <strong>Kievan Rus\u2019 period<\/strong>, between 1100 and 1500 AD, string instruments were most commonly used. However, wind and percussion instruments were also employed. In medieval times, singing was the predominant musical expression, used to narrate ancestral stories and evoke strong emotions during celebrations. Instruments played a secondary role, primarily accompanying songs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nevertheless, wind and string instruments characterized the secular music performed by medieval minstrels entertaining the nobility at court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Over the centuries, Russian music was influenced by dominant cultures. <strong>The gusli<\/strong>, a string instrument predominantly made of wood and resembling a tabletop zither, was first used in the 9th century. Although no definitive sources confirm its origin, many music historians believe this ancient instrument was introduced during the Byzantine era, resembling the Greek zither in shape and sound.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During the Kievan Rus\u2019 period, the term gusli referred to all string instruments. The word&#8217;s etymology is rooted in a Slavic verb, as gousti means &#8220;to play.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moving forward in history, <strong>during the 18th and 19th centuries<\/strong>, in the Romantic era, traditional music transformed, incorporating folk dances accompanied by <strong>accordion-like instruments<\/strong>, used to narrate folk tales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These typical instruments (garm\u00f3n, baj\u00e0n, and akkorde\u00f3n) were introduced by European and Asian populations at the end of the 18th century. Since then, they have also been used to tell romantic stories meant to woo loved ones. By the late 20th century, other genres like rock also emerged in Russia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"String_Instruments\"><\/span>String Instruments<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Balalaika<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This ancient instrument (its name in Italian means &#8220;to joke&#8221;) was introduced by Russians in the <strong>late 13th century<\/strong> through contact with the <strong>Mongolian culture<\/strong>. It <strong>belongs to the lute family<\/strong>, comprising a neck and a resonating body, resembling a classical or acoustic guitar. Its key features include a triangular resonating body (with wooden ribs inside) and a neck that holds 3 to 6 strings. Different models are available, varying by the size of the body and the tuning of the strings. Generally, models are classified as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Prima and Seconda balalaika<\/strong>, tuned in E-E-A and A-A-D, respectively;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Alto and Bass balalaika<\/strong>, tuned in E-E-A and E-A-D, respectively;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Contrabass balalaika<\/strong>, tuned an octave below the Bass balalaika, specifically E-A-D;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Playing it involves <strong>plucking the strings with a plectrum or fingers<\/strong>. The most distinctive characteristic of the instrument is that two strings are tuned in unison, with one string a fourth higher. This gives it a sound that is easily distinguishable from other string instruments. It is used in folk and classical music, where it often plays a solo role.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"THE BALALAIKA\" width=\"1160\" height=\"653\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Xm_1PHimpa4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Balalaika History &#8211; Video by This is Russia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<br>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Gusli<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>gusli<\/strong> produces sounds reminiscent of birdsong. Originating in antiquity (documents mention it as early as the 9th century), it features 5 to 60 strings. The gusli can have <strong>helmet or wing shapes<\/strong>, the latter resembling the <strong>classic Scandinavian harp<\/strong>. In both cases, musicians pluck the metal or gut strings with a plectrum or fingers. Tuned diatonically or chromatically, the gusli enchants listeners with its sweet melodies and soothing timbre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>sound originates<\/strong> from the expertly plucked strings, producing the described tones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is a wide variety of gusli, differing in the number of strings, dimensions, tuning, and shape. Its widespread popularity makes it a staple in orchestras where its use is highly admired.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"GUSLI\" width=\"1160\" height=\"653\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CTqjCePKFDo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">History and Sound of Gusli &#8211; Video by Universal Media lab<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Domra<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>domra<\/strong> also has ancient origins, introduced by Russians during the medieval period (around the 13th century). Similar to the balalaika (often considered its precursor), the domra evolved over centuries to feature a <strong>semi-spherical body<\/strong>. It has 3 or 4 metal strings and a long neck that affects the fretboard and the number of frets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is generally <strong>played with a plectrum<\/strong> and is used not only in former USSR territories but also in the USA and Ukraine, where it often replaces the balalaika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"D-Time 26 &quot;History of Domra&quot; \/ &quot;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0440\u044b&quot;\" width=\"1160\" height=\"653\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1_th5kxjXno?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">History of DOmra &#8211; video by D-Time<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<br>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Percussion_Instruments\"><\/span>Percussion Instruments<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Buben<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>These tambourines are still widely used by ethnic minorities across Russian territories today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Introduced by Slavic populations, the buben is <strong>made of a wooden frame with a stretched leather membrane<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bells inserted into the frame holes produce a jingling sound.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Sounds of a Shamanic Drum (Shaman&#039;s Buben) - (Russian audio with EN subs) - \u0417\u0432\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0431\u043d\u0430\" width=\"1160\" height=\"653\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xCtFu3qPKjk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Russian-Shaman buben sound &#8211; Video by Eugene Pik<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Lozhki<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Originally, <strong>lozhki<\/strong> were used as kitchen utensils (spoons) but later became musical instruments crafted from maple wood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dating back to medieval times, their distinguishing feature is their robustness, made from hard maple bark to prevent breakage during use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While seemingly easy to play, mastering the rhythm can be challenging. <strong>The sound varies depending on the type of wood<\/strong> used for construction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Awesome Musical Spoons Groove\" width=\"1160\" height=\"653\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/r6DTL_BfR9U?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Musical Lozhki groove &#8211; Video by Heritage musical spoons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Wind_Instruments\"><\/span>Wind Instruments<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Svistulka<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the <strong>smallest wind instruments<\/strong>, the svistulka is portable and suited for various occasions. Made of ceramic and equipped with 1 to 4 holes, it resembles an ocarina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Blowing into it while covering specific holes with fingers creates sounds that <strong>mimic birdsong<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"\u0421\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430. \u041c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u00ab\u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0414\u0443\u0445\u00bb\" width=\"1160\" height=\"653\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/X8KQO1c7pgk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Man playing Svistulka instrument &#8211; video by VALENTIN SHKANDYBIN<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dudka and Duduk<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The terms <strong>dudka<\/strong> or <strong>duduk <\/strong>encompasse a <strong>wide variety of flutes<\/strong> that characterize Russian musical traditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The variety stems from differences in construction, such as the type of wood and number of holes. Maple and juniper are the most commonly used woods for these flutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Besides musical performances, they were also used to call livestock to pasture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"How duduk made\" width=\"1160\" height=\"870\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/W1p3eGE52gk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">How duduk is made &#8211; video by Armenian Duduk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aerophones_From_the_Garmon_to_the_Bajan\"><\/span>Aerophones: From the Garm\u00f3n to the Baj\u00e0n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are various Russian musical instruments that could be grouped under the term <strong>accordion<\/strong> in English. However, they differ structurally and sonically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>garm\u00f3n<\/strong> is used for folk music and features 25 buttons for high notes and another 25 for low notes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"&#039;Garmon&#039; player in Suzdal, Russia\" width=\"1160\" height=\"870\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ALl8nbQklqg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Man playing garmon in Suzdal &#8211; Video by Nikola Krastev<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>baj\u00e0n<\/strong>, a more modern invention from the early 20th century, differs from standard accordions due to its larger rectangular reeds mounted on a plate. These reeds are tremolo-tuned. Compared to the garm\u00f3n, the baj\u00e0n has more octaves and a much deeper sound. Its keyboard is positioned at the instrument&#8217;s midpoint, and diminished seventh chords replace standard C chords with G7 diminished chords.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Evgeny Grinko - Valse - Russian music accordion - \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044c\u043a\u043e - \u0412\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441 Accordeon Akkordeon Waltz\" width=\"1160\" height=\"653\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Yl5xYvJ1FYE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Russian accordion &#8211; video by Evgeny Grinko &#8211; Accordeon Accordion Jo Brunenberg<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The baj\u00e0n\u2019s internal construction gives it a <strong>distinctively low and resonant sound<\/strong>, setting it apart from other accordions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From ancient times, Russian musical instruments have expressed cultural traditions in the form of folk tales or dances that mark everyday life. These instruments are often made from common objects, primarily wooden materials. For example, wooden spoons (lozhki) are still used in folk bands. Let us now delve into the traditional Russian musical instruments, exploring&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1087,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-music-theory-culture"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Russian Musical Instruments - Handmade Sound<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scopri gli strumenti musicali russi e la cultura che rappresentano. 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